Please explain how this code works

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Experimenting with this, I think that it looks at the intial number in binary and returns the various digits of that.
Try first

5.times do |i|
  puts i,5[i]
end

You will see the various values of i and the value returned from 5[i]
The separate issue is the use of look with the modulo operator %. This returns the remainder when look is divided by the second number ie look%4 returns 0,1,2,3,0,1,2,3 as look increases in value. So you get:

{run: 2, time: 0.0}
 └─ 0 0 1
 
{run: 2, time: 0.1}
 └─ 1 1 0
 
{run: 2, time: 0.2}
 └─ 2 2 1
 
{run: 2, time: 0.3}
 └─ 3 3 0
 
{run: 2, time: 0.4}
 └─ 4 0 1
 
{run: 2, time: 0.5}
 └─ 5 1 0
 
{run: 2, time: 0.6}
 └─ 6 2 1
 
{run: 2, time: 0.7}
 └─ 7 3 0
 
{run: 2, time: 0.8}
 └─ 8 0 1
 
{run: 2, time: 0.9}
 └─ 9 1 0

when you run

10.times do
  tick
  puts look, look%4,  5[look%4]
  sleep 0.1
end
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